FYP2 : Week 16

Writing technical report

Objective : 

• To simplify the full report of the project

• To write the technical report to accomplish requirement for  FYP2

Activity: Technical report for the project is one of the requirement for the FYP2. This technical report is basically a simplified paper from the full final report of this project. I should be only in 3 to 5 pages of paper with double column for the paragraph. There are five main components of the technical report which are abstract, introduction, method, results and reference which same as the full report. However, the technique of writing it is quite different. The method of writing as shown below:

INTRODUCTION : i) Project introduction

                               ii)Problem statement

                              iii)Literature Review

                            iv)Project objective

   METHOD : i)Block diagram

               ii)Flowchart

                       iii)Circuit diagram

RESULTS : i)Graph          

                   ii)Pseudocode

                                 iii)Dimension of project

Conclusion : Writing a technical report is more easier compare to full report as it use very straight to the point and easy to be understand for the reader. It a compact verse of full report.

FYP2 : Week 15

Continue writing Results (Device) 

Objective : 

• To write result based on the objective of the project

• To show the device based from the development of this project

Activity: The main objective of this project is to develop a device that can detect fall signs that happen to the elderly via using accelerometer and pulse sensor. This is the result of the wearable device to detect the fall incident. The device has a box that contain  the components of this project ad a strap attached with it to be wear on the wrist. The box size is 20x6x2.5 cm which is quite compact and the angle of the box is curve and not sharp which is safe for the user. From the front of the device can be seen the battery compartment and antenna of GSM. From the left-side of the device have a cancellation button which to cancel if it a false alarm. Then, from the left-side also have a hole for buzzer sound and  Mini-B USB port for Arduino Nano. From the right-side of the device can be seen the hole for pulse sensor wire as it located under the device box. Besides, it also have on/off switch and a step-down converter. All other components was located inside the box.

Device front perspective

Left-side view of the device

Right-side view of the device

View inside of the device

The device weared on the wrist

Conclusion : This device had been developed in a quite compact size which can be wear on the elderly wrist.  This shown the main objective of this project had been achieved.

FYP2 : Week 14

Writing Second Results 
(Relationship between Heart Rate and Blood Pressure)

Objective : 

• To identify the relationship between the heart rate and blood pressure

• To continue writing chapter 4 for final project report

Activity: As this project is focusing on about blood pressure but the pulse sensor only can detect the heart rate so this is to investigate their relationship. As mentioned from heart.org, there could be variation in the relationship between the blood pressure and heart rate. If the heart rate increase, the blood pressure may also increase but the increase rate might not rise at the same rate. So, this experiment use patient monitor which used two part of it which are the pulse oximeter to measure the heart rate and non-invasive blood pressure to measure blood pressure(NIBP). Pulse oximeter need to clip the sensor on fingertip while NIBP use a cuff to measure blood pressure. The normal heart rate is from 60 to 100 heart beat per minute (bpm). Meanwhile, the normal range of blood pressure is from 120 for systolic and 80 for diastolic.Blood pressure reading unit in melimeters mercury (mmHg).

As can be seen below in Figure 1 which is the result for person 1, the heart rate is 57 which is lower than normal range of heart rate. Then, the blood pressure reading is 97/55 which 97 represent the systolic value and 55 for diastolic. This blood pressure is in low blood pressure category or known as hypotension in medical terms. The other results can be seen from Figure 2 which for person 3, the heart rate more than 100 which is higher than normal rate and the blood pressure produced in high blood pressure category or known as hypertension. The blood pressure will increases when the heart rate increases and vice versa. This shows that when heart rate lower than 60 will cause the low blood pressure and when the heart rate above 100 will produce high blood pressure category.

Figure 1 Resuls display on the patient monitor

Figure 2 Graph blood pressure versus heart rate

Conclusion : As conclusion, abnormal reading of heart rate will produce abnormal blood pressure. Fall alarm will be send out after it detect fall threshold and abnormality of blood pressure.

FYP2 : Week 13

Start writing Chapter 4

Objective : 

• To write project form the project

• To get the fall signal reading threshold from accelerometer

Activity: The main important part of this project is to get the fall accelerometer reading threshold to detect fall occur. This is to differentiate between fall with other routine activities such as walking upstairs, walking downstairs, sitting down and sitting up.. Accelerometer was attached on the wrist during the experiment.

Graph during walking upstairs

Graph during walking downstairs

Graph of sitting down

Graph of sitting up

Graph of falling

As the accellerometer have 3-axis which are X, Y and Z. The Y-axis represent vertical acceleration, X-axis is forward acceleration and Z-axis for side-away acceleration. The starting value for X and Y axis at 0 while for Y-axis at -256. Most of the activities did not give much different to the accelerometer reading except for sitting down and fall. Sitting down produced negative peak value of Y-axis meanwhile fall produced positive value of Y-axis which is 700. From all activities, Y-axis give the most differences value of changes during the activity so this project chose to only detect the Y-axis of accelerometer and set the threshold value at 700.

Conclusion : All routine activities produced different value of accelerometer output. The axis that produced the biggest changes among the three axis was Y-axis so noted that only value of teh Y-axis of accelerometer was covered in this project and the threshold for fall detection is 700 and above.