FYP2 : Week 17

Submission of Report

Objective : 

• To submit the final report to the library

• To complete all task and requirement for FYP2

Activity: 19th of June 2019 is the submission day of all coursework for the FYP2. There are seven things that required to be submitted which are :

1. FYP Final Report Hardcover
2. Project Submission Form
3. Turnitin Report of Plagiarism
4. Copyright Page
5. Submission Metadata Form
6. CD ( contains poster, final report, video of project, programming and project schematic)
7. Technical Report

There were many problems happened before the submission such as wrong printing of hardcover by the printing shop and some others thing. All this thing is to be submitted to the library but need to go through submission checking by the supervisor, then head of FYP committee which is Dr. Imran. After both of this had check all the document and ensure the title and format according to the system, the things can be submitted to the library. Alhamdulillah everything went smooth for today submission.

A big thank you for all of person that had helped me through my FYP especially to my FYP supervisor, Dr. Siti Marwangi binti Mohamad Maharum that had sacrifice a lot of time to guide me and my friends without ever complaining, give motivation and even teach advance knowledge of Microsoft Word. Also thanks to my friends especially AK Abdul Hadi, Nur Sabrina and Nurul Azwanie who always exchange opinion and knowledge of everything. I am hoping my FYP will get flying colours result. Amin.

Figure 1 Hardcover of final report

Figure 2 Technical report of this project

Conclusion : FYP2 had teach student a lot of things such as to be more knowledgeable, wise managing time and even manage the stress. All this hard-full is to produced a great quality of graduates that prepared themselves physical and mental to face working environment reality.

FYP2 : Week 16

Writing technical report

Objective : 

• To simplify the full report of the project

• To write the technical report to accomplish requirement for  FYP2

Activity: Technical report for the project is one of the requirement for the FYP2. This technical report is basically a simplified paper from the full final report of this project. I should be only in 3 to 5 pages of paper with double column for the paragraph. There are five main components of the technical report which are abstract, introduction, method, results and reference which same as the full report. However, the technique of writing it is quite different. The method of writing as shown below:

INTRODUCTION : i) Project introduction

                               ii)Problem statement

                              iii)Literature Review

                            iv)Project objective

   METHOD : i)Block diagram

               ii)Flowchart

                       iii)Circuit diagram

RESULTS : i)Graph          

                   ii)Pseudocode

                                 iii)Dimension of project

Conclusion : Writing a technical report is more easier compare to full report as it use very straight to the point and easy to be understand for the reader. It a compact verse of full report.

FYP2 : Week 15

Continue writing Results (Device) 

Objective : 

• To write result based on the objective of the project

• To show the device based from the development of this project

Activity: The main objective of this project is to develop a device that can detect fall signs that happen to the elderly via using accelerometer and pulse sensor. This is the result of the wearable device to detect the fall incident. The device has a box that contain  the components of this project ad a strap attached with it to be wear on the wrist. The box size is 20x6x2.5 cm which is quite compact and the angle of the box is curve and not sharp which is safe for the user. From the front of the device can be seen the battery compartment and antenna of GSM. From the left-side of the device have a cancellation button which to cancel if it a false alarm. Then, from the left-side also have a hole for buzzer sound and  Mini-B USB port for Arduino Nano. From the right-side of the device can be seen the hole for pulse sensor wire as it located under the device box. Besides, it also have on/off switch and a step-down converter. All other components was located inside the box.

Device front perspective

Left-side view of the device

Right-side view of the device

View inside of the device

The device weared on the wrist

Conclusion : This device had been developed in a quite compact size which can be wear on the elderly wrist.  This shown the main objective of this project had been achieved.

FYP2 : Week 14

Writing Second Results 
(Relationship between Heart Rate and Blood Pressure)

Objective : 

• To identify the relationship between the heart rate and blood pressure

• To continue writing chapter 4 for final project report

Activity: As this project is focusing on about blood pressure but the pulse sensor only can detect the heart rate so this is to investigate their relationship. As mentioned from heart.org, there could be variation in the relationship between the blood pressure and heart rate. If the heart rate increase, the blood pressure may also increase but the increase rate might not rise at the same rate. So, this experiment use patient monitor which used two part of it which are the pulse oximeter to measure the heart rate and non-invasive blood pressure to measure blood pressure(NIBP). Pulse oximeter need to clip the sensor on fingertip while NIBP use a cuff to measure blood pressure. The normal heart rate is from 60 to 100 heart beat per minute (bpm). Meanwhile, the normal range of blood pressure is from 120 for systolic and 80 for diastolic.Blood pressure reading unit in melimeters mercury (mmHg).

As can be seen below in Figure 1 which is the result for person 1, the heart rate is 57 which is lower than normal range of heart rate. Then, the blood pressure reading is 97/55 which 97 represent the systolic value and 55 for diastolic. This blood pressure is in low blood pressure category or known as hypotension in medical terms. The other results can be seen from Figure 2 which for person 3, the heart rate more than 100 which is higher than normal rate and the blood pressure produced in high blood pressure category or known as hypertension. The blood pressure will increases when the heart rate increases and vice versa. This shows that when heart rate lower than 60 will cause the low blood pressure and when the heart rate above 100 will produce high blood pressure category.

Figure 1 Resuls display on the patient monitor

Figure 2 Graph blood pressure versus heart rate

Conclusion : As conclusion, abnormal reading of heart rate will produce abnormal blood pressure. Fall alarm will be send out after it detect fall threshold and abnormality of blood pressure.

FYP2 : Week 13

Start writing Chapter 4

Objective : 

• To write project form the project

• To get the fall signal reading threshold from accelerometer

Activity: The main important part of this project is to get the fall accelerometer reading threshold to detect fall occur. This is to differentiate between fall with other routine activities such as walking upstairs, walking downstairs, sitting down and sitting up.. Accelerometer was attached on the wrist during the experiment.

Graph during walking upstairs

Graph during walking downstairs

Graph of sitting down

Graph of sitting up

Graph of falling

As the accellerometer have 3-axis which are X, Y and Z. The Y-axis represent vertical acceleration, X-axis is forward acceleration and Z-axis for side-away acceleration. The starting value for X and Y axis at 0 while for Y-axis at -256. Most of the activities did not give much different to the accelerometer reading except for sitting down and fall. Sitting down produced negative peak value of Y-axis meanwhile fall produced positive value of Y-axis which is 700. From all activities, Y-axis give the most differences value of changes during the activity so this project chose to only detect the Y-axis of accelerometer and set the threshold value at 700.

Conclusion : All routine activities produced different value of accelerometer output. The axis that produced the biggest changes among the three axis was Y-axis so noted that only value of teh Y-axis of accelerometer was covered in this project and the threshold for fall detection is 700 and above.

FYP2 : Week 12

Recommendation for the project

Objective : 

• To recommend for the future project

• To make sure the future project can improve the limitation of this project

Activity: During the project exhibition day last week, the assessors had give few opinion on recommendations to upgrade the project. Recommendations is a part of chapter in the final report. The first recommendation by the first assessor is to add GPS sensor which to detect the location of the elderly. This is because the elderly might go out to garden or market. Second recommendation
by second assessor is to also send message when the alert had been cancel. This is to alert that might be false alarmor the elderly did fall down but can get up by themselves after the fall occurred. Next, the device may be added with LCD as they can monitor their vital sign to keep monitor their health status. Besides, the device will have extra point if the it be connect with Internet of Thing (IoT) such as Blynk and Thinger,io which can show the data from device to the smartphone.

Conclusion : By having these recommendations can improve the project and reduce the limitation and weakness of this project. Thanks to all assessor that willing to give opinions on recomendation for the project.

FYP2 : Week 11

Final Project Exhibition

Objective : 

• To present about the project to assessor 

• To get recommendations for the project from others

Activity: Today the final year project exhibition was held. Some presenting their project at Dewan Gemilang while some of it (included myself) presented at lab. By 8 a.m. I went to to lab to setup and prepare for the presentation. However, there was a lecturer using that lab so I need move to another lab. Total of presenter at the lab is 6 person and I was the second presenter. I have got acquainted with the other presenter at the lab while waiting for the assessors come. At 9.30 a.m. , the first assessor, Dr. Muhammad Noor bin Nordin had arrived. After I had done explained about my project based on the poster, he did ask few technical question such as the frequency of GSM and he also give some situation and ask for the response of the device. Besides, he also give some recommendation for the project. The next assessor, Sir Mohd Syazwan bin Mohd Yid came at 11:45 p.m.. He did ask few questions and I had demonstrated the project. He also had gave some recommendations for the project.

Figure 1 Presentation to first assessor

Figure 2 Presentation to second assessor

Figure 3 Picture of me with poster

Conclusion : It just a relieved as the big day of this semester which is project exhibition day had went well. Some recommendations had gained from the assessors. I need to start write my final report of FYP2 without any hesitation.

FYP2 : Week 10

Project and Poster Making

Objective : 

• To ensure the device running according to the objectives of the project
• To make a poster that can represent total work for the project

Activity: There were some problem faced during all component interface. However, by having some help and discussion with my fellow friends. That's shown how important of cooperation with others. After all the project running well, I had put all of them inside a box such I had planned before this. I put them by attached them to the box using hot glue. This hot glue make they stay still in their position and make it looks neat. The full picture of device I will share after this when I write the Results and Analysis chapter.

Figure 1 Process of attaching the components to the box using hot glue

After all the device had been placed into the box, the device had tried been running to ensure it still functioning well. Then, the poster making began as the project development had been done. In the poster should have the main parts of the project which are :

1. Project background
2. Objective of the project 
3. Methodology 
4. Flowchart 
5. Results 
6. Conclusion 
7. References

All the information was taken from the report of the project that had been simplified. This is to ensure the poster is not too crowded with words that can make readers boring and do not want to read it. The first draft of my poster had been rejected by my supervisor as the colour was very contrast which could make the poster had to be read. Then I had changed the poster into pastel colours which make ready more calm when they read it. The poster need to be print in A1 size which I need to ensure that the design will not burst the quality of the poster.

Figure 2 Final poster of the project

Conclusion : I need to ensure the project functioning well during the project exhibition and the poster need to be print by tomorrow. Then, I need to do some practice to prepare myself for the project exhibition day.

FYP2 : Week 9

Interfaces of all component & design

Objective : 

• To combine all components parts and their interface for this project

• To finalize the design of the device

Activity: As there are two more weeks for the project presentation, I need to speed up in making this project. For the device sketch, i have planned to put all the components inside a box. Then, the box will be attach with a strap as it need to be wear on the wrist of the elderly. The skect of project shown in Figure 2 and 3. Then, I had finalized the circuit diagram of combination all components for this project as shown in Figure 1. All this I just combine from the parts of each component interfaces that had been done before. This are the connection pin between the Arduino Nano and all the components of the project :

Accelerometer (SDA & SCL) : A4 & A5                   

Pulse sensor : A0 

GSM (RX & TX) : A2 & A3

Alert cancelation button : A6                    

Figure 1 Circuit diagram of this project

Figure 2 Front view device sketch

Figure 3 View from side of device sketch

Conclusion : This shown the finalized design of device and circuit diagram for the project. All of this need to make it as a real device and working well right after this. Let's face the sleepless night for two more weeks.

FYP2 : Week 8

Pulse sensor interface

Objective : 

• To know how to interface between pulse sensor and Arduino Nano

• To do research background about heart rate and blood pressure

Activity: The function of pulse sensor is to get the heart rate reading from the blood circulation. There are three recommended place location for the sensor which is on fingertip, wrist and earlobe. For this project, the sensor chosen to be place on the  wrist. To try interface the pulse sensor with Arduino Nano, a coding from open source had been tried to interface between pulse sensor and Arduino Nano. The pulse sensor connected to pin A0 as it produce analog input. The VCC pin of pulse sensor was connected with 5V pin on Arduino and for Ground pin of the pulse sensor was connected to the ground pin of Arduino.

Figure 1 Connection pin between pulse sensor and Arduino

Figure 2 Heart rate reading on serial monitor

The normal heart rate is from 60 to 100 heart beat per minute (bpm). Meanwhile, the normal range of blood pressure is from 120 for systolic and 80 for diastolic.Blood pressure reading unit in melimeters mercury (mmHg). As mention from Heart.org, there could be variation in relationship between blood pressure and heart rate. When heart rate reading increases, blood pressure reading will also increase but it not rise at the same rate. So, a study had been done to get the relationship between the blood pressure. The results shown when the heart rate higher from its normal range which is 100 bpm, the blood pressure also in high blood pressure (hypertension) range while when the heart rate lower from its normal range which is 60 bpm, the blood pressure also in low blood pressure (hypotension) range.

Conclusion : The relationship between heart rate and blood pressure is the abnormal reading of heart rate produced abnormal range of blood pressure class. More details will be discuss when I starts write chapter Results and Discussion for final report.

FYP2 : Week 7

Accelerometer interface

Objective : 

• To study the interface between accelerometer and Arduino Nano

• To get accelerometer reading of fall detection

Activity: This week I had tried the first part of my project which is finding the fall acceleration of the accelerometer reading. As to get consistent of acceleration, the accelerometer must placed on a static position. So, I had planned to put it on a small breadboard as shown in Figure 1. However, my Arduino Nano pin did not fit to the breadboard hole. I decided to resolder the pin leg back. I did suck the solder ion at the pin legs. Unfortunately when i want to solder it back, it so freaking hard to solder it as the pin is very near to each other and the solder ion keep twinning the pin legs. So i had failed to resolder the pin legs back. I just directly solder the jumper wire connection to the hole. Same goes with accelerometer. I had put them on a board and place it on the wrist.

Figure 1 Accelerometer connection with Arduino Nano

Figure 2 Arduino's pin not fit into the breadboard hole

I tried to run a coding that i got from open source for accelerometer. As you know, accelerometer have 3-axis which are X, Y and Z. The Y-axis is vertical acceleration, X-axis is forward acceleration and Z-axis is side-away acceleration. From all those 3-axis, Y-axis shown the most different when fall occur. The threshold was decided to set at 700 reading of accelerometer on Y-axis. Fallwill detect when the reading more than the threshold value. More detail will be discuss when i start write my Results and Discussion for my report.

Conclusion : Only Y-axis chosen for fall detection of this project. This is because Y-axis produces the most impacted andgive biggest changes during fall incident.

FYP2 : Week 6

Troubleshoot Arduino Nano Code Burning Error

Objective : 

• To investigate the problem of Arduino Nano

• To troubleshoot the Arduino Nano

Activity: I did googled and tried few solution steps that provided from this youtube video  : YouTube 5 Most Common Arduino Nano Problem which shown fews problems and its steps of solution which are :

1. Missing serial communication drivers
2. Improper port selection
3. Improper board setting
4. Missing Boatloader
5. Static damaged

Some of the steps I had tried and did not work to my Arduino Nano. The step that working on my Arduino Nano shown that it missing or using an old boatloader. So, I had used Master-Slave way to burn the new boatloader to my Arduino Nano.

Figure 1 Connection between Master and Slave

A working Arduino UNO as the Master burned the new boatloader by using ArduinoISP. It used coding from examples> ArduinoISP and select Tools and choose setting :

Board:Arduino UNO

Programmer : Arduino as ISP

Then, choose Burn Boatloader which also under Tools. This to burn the boatloader code into Slave which was Arduino Nano. Proper steps are shown in this website under "Missing Boatloader" problem : Arduino Nano Clone Problems and Their Solutions . After I did this solution, the problem settled and I can burn any coding as usual.

Conclusion : The problem of cannot burn coding from software Arduino IDE into Arduino Nano had been found and settled down. There are many solution that have in open source in internet. So, try and eror process need to be done to troubleshoot the problem.

FYP2 : Week 5

Arduino Nano interfaces

Objective : 

• To study about microcontroller interface of Arduino Nano 

Activity: As i had bought some components last week, so this week i had started for Arduino Nano interfacing. The first step is download CH340 which to show the port of Arduino Nano as the Arduino nano mostly from China and it sometimes having problem of showing port in the Arduino software. Here I attached the link file that you can download it : CH340 Download . Then, open Device Manager > Ports (COM & LPT) and the port of Arduino will be shown up as well as in the Arduino software.

Figure 1 Port number shown in device manager

Figure 2 Port number of Arduino shown in the Arduino software

Next, I had tried to burn coding from examples to test the Arduino Nano. Open the Arduino IDE software. Go to File >Examples > Basic and I had selected Blink. Then, click Upload that have right arrow symbol and wait until it finished upload. However, I cannot upload the coding as it shown error.

Conclusion : As I bought the cheap Arduino Nano, so some problems might happen. I need to troubleshoot and find solution for the error of uploading the code into the Arduino Nano.

FYP2 : Week 4

Survey and Buy Components

Objective : 

• To survey market price to of components to be use for the project

• To start buy   components for the project hardware making

Activity: Today i went to Jalan Pasar,KL which the place that have a lot of shops that sell electronic devices and components. I went there by public transport which i take LRT and stop at LRT PUDU station. You guys can check how to go there from your place by refer to this : Google Maps of Jalan Pasar, Pudu. Then, you need to walk a bit to arrive at the shop lot area. Most of this shop close on 6 PM, so better you early if you plan to walk around for survey the price of components.

I had entered a lot of electronics shop but not all of them sell electronics circuit components. Only few of the shops sell the electronics component which you need to refer either their shop have sign of Arduino's and circuit components sign. After I had surveyed few shops that sell electronic circuit components, some of the shops sell their items at high price. So, today I had bought  Arduino Nano from R.E. Spares Sdn. Bhd. which cost RM40 and accelerometer ADXL345 at MSC Supply and Service that cost RM18. Both of this shop sell their item in affordable price which really recommended for you guys to buy from there. I still not buy GSM as it quite costly as which cost around RM 60 to RM 120 from all shops I had surveyed.

Conclusion : Process to survey the price of components is quite hard as I need to walk shop by shop to find the shops that sell electronic circuit components and comparing the price. Maybe buy online could make it more easier.

FYP2 : Week 3

Sensor changes

Objective : 

• To replace sensor to be use for the project

• To ensure which sensor suitable to be as replacement

Activity: I had already tried survey market price for photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor which this sensor is to detect the blood pressure reading. However, none of this sensor sold in Malaysia.  Its only available at overseas market. Besides, the price for the sensor is 75$ which cost RM 311.70 as shown in figure 1.This sensor price is expensive and not affordable for a student and also for user under B40 group. So, this sensor need to be change to other sensor that might produce almost similar function.

Figure 1 PPG sensor's price

The most common sensor been used in other medical projects to detect vital reading is pulse sensor. This sensor can detect heart rate reading from the blood circulation. The sensor is available on Malaysia's market and the price of this sensor is only RM 20.90. Moreover, the coding of the pulse sensor have a lot of open source coding for it which can be refer in making this project. It also have official website for the sensor which is https://pulsesensor.com/ .  The size of this sensor is small which is only around 16mm of diameter with thickness only 3mm which make it suitable for this project as this project need to be in a compact size as it is a wearable device. It support voltage from 3V to 5V which same with others component in this project. Here I attached the datasheet of the pulse sensor : Datasheet Pulse Sensor  

Figure 2 Pulse sensor

Conclusion : The PPG sensor which to measure the blood pressure changed to pulse sensor as it easier to get in market and the price is more affordable. However, pulse sensor is to detect the heart rate of the user. As this project is focusing on blood pressure abnormality, the relationship between heart rate and blood pressure need to be study.

FYP2 : Week 2

Introductory FYP 2 Briefing

Objective : 

• To brief about type of assessment, rules & regulation and marks weightage

• To give schedule of activities throughout semester for FYP2

Activity : Today briefing was given by Dr. Wangi as head of FYP committee. The due date to finalize title is on 6th March 2019. Assessment for FYP2 is project presentation, project final report/thesis logbook and technical report.  Marks weightage in percentage division for those assessment as shown below :

Project presentation = 35%

Project final report  = 35%

 Logbook                 = 20%

 Technical report     = 10%

The project presentation will be held on Week 11. The submission date of project report is on 14th June 2019. Total value of claimable is RM500 per person which cover poster and report printing, components and PCB cost.

Conclusion : The overview of FYP2 is clear. As the presentation will be held a bit early than usual so the preparation of project need to be done as soon as possible.

FYP 2 : Week 1

Finalize components

Objective : To finalize and decide changes of component to be used for the project

Activity : I need to reconsider back components that needed to be used in this project. The main component that i would like to change is the microcontroller model which from Arduino Uno to Ardui Nano. This is because the project should be wearable device on wrist so I need to make surethe project in compact size which the dimension is only 43mm x 18mm compared to Uno 68.6mm x 53.3mm. This is the different of size between this two Arduino.

Even their size is different but most of the pin and function almost same which Uno have 6 analog input 14 digital output while Nano have 8 analog input with 14 digital output. Besides, both have same clock speed and flash memory which is 16Mhz and 32kB accordingly. The other difference of this two model of Arduino is the external power source which Uno using USB while Nano using Mini-B USB connection.

Conclusion: The Arduino Nano is more suitable to be used for the project because of it size that more compact.